PROMOTION PROGRAM

A. INFORMATIVE PROMOTION

Informative promotion is attempts to give information about the product, usually in an impressive sounding way. This is often used by the Government, for example to inform people of new laws. Management may need to make their audience aware that their product exists, and to explain exactly what it does. This is a particularly important objective for new products. Informative promotion aim to alert the market about a firms  products, especially new ones. It is commonly used when promoting existing product that have been updated.

*Inform (Informing), can be:
- Inform the market about the existence of a new product;
- Introducing a new way pemakaiah of a product;
- Delivering changes to the market price;
- Explaining the workings of a product;
- Inform the services provided by the company;
- Align the wrong impression;
- Reduce fears or concerns the buyer;
- Build corporate image.

B. PERSUASIVE PROMOTION

Persuasive promotion aim to encourage customer to make purchase, to switch from rival brands and to create loyalty for the product or brand. An important stage in creating favourable attitudes towards the business and its brands. Through persuasive promotion, management will seek persuade to customers and the trade that their brand has benefits that are superior to competitors. Promotional campaign to persuade called persuasive. Promotion persuade a critical stage of the competition in which the company's goal is to build selective demand for a brand. A number of persuasive campaign has stepped into the promotion category comparison, this campaign seeks to build their superiority through a specific comparison with one or more other brands in a product class.

*Persuade target customers (persuading) to:
- Establish brand choice;
- Forward to a particular brand choice;
- Changing customer perception of product attributes;
- To encourage buyers to shop on the spot;
- Encourage the buyer to receive a visit salesperson.

C. REMINDING PROMOTION

Reminding promotion is very important in the promotion stage of maturity of a product to maintain consumer perception about the product. Reminder promotion strongly associated with convincing, that is trying to convince buyers that they have done the right choice. reminder promotion are used to retain customer awareness and interest of an established product. If target customer already have positive attitude about a firms marketing mix, a reminder objective might be suitable. This object can be extremely important in some cases. Even though customers have been attracted and sold once, they are still targets for competitors appeals. Reminding them of their past satisfaction may keep them from shifting to a competitor. For example, Campbell realizes that most people know about its soup, so much of its advertising is intended to remind.

*Remind (reminding), may consist of:
- Remind buyers that the product concerned is needed in the near future;
- Remind the buyer will be the places that sell the company's products;
- Make buyers still remember even though no advertising campaign;
- Keeping the memory of the first buyer fell on the company's products.

• WHAT IS PROMOTION?

Promotion is one of the primary elements used in the marketing mix. Then, promotional efforts should work in harmony with product marketing, pricing and distribution action that target prospects and customers. When assembling a promotional plan, marketers typically employ one or more of the following five promotional subcategories : Personal Selling, Advertising, Sales Promotion, Direct Marketing, and Publicity. An activity designed to increase the demand for a good or service. For example, an advertising firms designed a promotion for a new hybrid vehicle being introduced by an automobile manufacturer. Any form of communication a business or organisation use to inform, persuade, or remind people about its product an improve its public images.

These communication tools serve as tactics within the promotional plan to accomplish objectives such as :

- Increasing Sales

- Launching new Products

- Creating and Building Brand Equity

- Establishing Market Positioning

- Retailing Against Competition

- Strengthening Brand Image

• WHAT IS SALES PROMOTION?

All marketing activities, over than personal selling, advertising and publicity, that are used to stimulate consumer purchasing and sales effectiveness. Sales promotion is the process of persuading a potential customer to buy the product. Sales promotion is designed to be used as a short-term tactic to boost sales-it is rarely suitable as a method of building long-term customer loyalty. Some sales promotions are aimed at consumer.Others are targeted at intermediaries and at the firms sales force.

There are many methods of sales promotion, including :

- Money of coupons – customers receive coupons, or cut coupons out of newspapers or a products packaging that enables them to buy the product next time at a reduced price.

- Competitions – buying the product will allow the customer to take part in a chance to win a prize.

- Discount vouchers – a voucher (like a money of coupon).

- Free gifts – a free product when buy another product.

- Point of sale materials – e.g. posters, display stands – ways of presenting the product in its best way or show the customer that the product is there.

- Loyalty cards – e.g. Nectar and Air Miles; where customers earn points for buying certain goods or shopping at certain retailers – that can later be exchanged for money, goods or other offers.

Objectives of Sales Promotion:

- Increase sales;

-  Inform customers about new products;

- Create a positive store or corporate image.

3 Characteristics on Sales Promotion:

- Short term activities;

- Offers some type of incentive;

- Can be successfully used in all channels of distribution.

• WHY DO WE NEED PROMOTION

Because a promotion very important, promotion is one of the primary elements used in the marketing mix. A promotion highly funcation as Discovery of the idea, Detailed Investigation, Assembling the proposition, Financing and Presentation of the Proposition. Product promotion  used to convince potential customers to buy products from it instead of from a competitor.

- Explains major features and benefits of its products;

- Tells where those products are sold;

- Advertises sales on those products;

- Answers customer questions;

- Introduces new products.

ASSET AND PAYABLE

English Course

1. ASSETS:

CURRENT ASSETS

A balance sheet item which equals the sum of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, prepaid expenses, and other assets that could be converted to cash in less than one year. A company's creditors will often be interested in how much that company has in current assets, since these assets can be easily liquidated in case the company goes bankrupt. Current assets in the accounting sense is the type of assets that can be used in the near term, usually one year. Examples of current assets include cash, accounts receivable, short-term investments, inventories, and prepaid expenses. On a balance sheet, assets are usually classified into current assets and non current assets. Comparison between current assets and current liabilities is referred to as the current ratio. This value is often used as a measure of the liquidity of a company, the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations.

FIXED ASSETS

All costs can be traced back to the fixed asset. To record the value of a fixed asset and for depreciation calculations, include all expenses involved in the acquisition of the fixed asset in the cost figure. These costs include items such as delivery expenses, import duties incurred on transportation, installation fees and any architect's fees. A fixed asset can be defined as a long-term tangible property piece owned by a firm and used for the purpose of income-generation. A fixed asset is not expected to be consumed or converted into cash before a time period of one year. Fixed assets are, sometimes, as a group, referred as “plant”. Some good examples of fixed assets include real estate, buildings, equipment, and furniture. However, intangible long-term assets like patents and trademarks are not treated as fixed assets but are referred as “fixed intangible assets”.

2. PAYABLE:

LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debts are financial obligations and loans lasting longer than one year. A company must report long-term debt on its balance sheet with its date of maturity and interest rate. 

Bonds and debt obligations with maturities greater than one year are examples of long-term debt. Other types of securities, including short-term notes and commercial papers usually are not long-term debt because their maturities typically are shorter than one year.

SHORT-TERM DEBT

An account shown in the current liabilities portion of a company's balance sheet. This account is comprised of any debt incurred by a company that is due within one year. The debt in this account is usually made up of short-term bank loans taken out by a company. The value of this account is very important when determining a company's financial health. If the account is larger than the company's cash and cash equivalents, this suggests that the company may be in poor financial health and does not have enough cash to pay off its short-term debts. Although short-term debts are due within a year, there may be a portion of the long-term debt included in this account. This portion pertains to payments that must be made on any long-term debt throughout the year.

KALIMAT INTERROGATIVE DAN NEGATIVE :

1. -Positive: This portion pertains to payments that must be make any long-term debt throughout the year.

    -Negative: This portion pertains to payment that doesn’t must be make any long-term debt throughout the year.

    -Interrogative: Does this pertain to payment that must be make any long-term debt throughout the year.

2. -Positive: Current assets in the accounting sense is the type of assets that can be used in the near term, usually one year.

    -Negative: Current assets in the accounting sense doesn’t the type of assets that can be used in the near term, usually one year.

    -Interrogative: Does current asset in the accounting sense the type of asset that can be used in the near term, usually one year.

3. -Positive: Assets are usually classified into current assets and non current assets.

    -Negative: Assets aren’t usually classified into current assets and non current assets.

    -Interrogative: Are assets usually classified into current assets and non current assets ?

4. -Positive: This value is often use as a measure of the liquidity of a company.

    -Negative: This value isn’t often use as a measure of the liquidity of a company.

    -Interrogative: Is this value is often use as a measure of the liquidity of a company ?

5. -Positive: All costs can be traced back to the fixed asset.

    -Negative: All cost doesn’t can be traced back to the fixed asset.

    -Interrogative: Does all cost can be traced back to the fixed asset ?

6. -Positive: To record the value of a fixed asset and for depreciation calculations.

    -Negative: To record doesn’t the value of a fixed asset and for depreciation calculations.

    -Interrogative: Does to record the value of a fixed asset and for depreciation calculations ?

7. -Positive: A fixed asset can be defined as a long-term tangible property piece owned by a firm and used for the purpose of income-generation.

    -Negative: A fixed asset doesn’t can be defined as a long-term tangible property piece owned by a firm and used for the purpose if income-generation.

    -Interrogative: Does a fixed asset can be defined as a long-term tangible property piece owned by a firm and used for the purpose of income-generation ?

8. -Positive: A fixed asset is not expected to be consumed or convert into cash before a time period of one year.

    -Negative: A fixed asset is expect to be consume or convert into cash before a time period of one year.

    -Interrogative: Is a fixed asset not expect to be consume or convert into cash before a time period of one year ?

9. -Positive: A company must report long-term debt on its balance sheet with its date of maturity and interest rate.

    -Negative: A company doesn’t must report long-term debt on its balance sheet with its date of maturity and interest rate.

    -Interrogative: Does a company must report long-term debt on its balance sheet with its date of maturity and interest rate ?

10. -Positive: The debt in this account is usually make of short-term bank loans taken out by a company.

     -Negative: The debt in this account isn’t usually make of short-term bank loans taken out by a company.

     -Interrogative: Is the debt in this account usually make of short-term bank loans taken out by a company ?

Setiap Manusia Mempunyai Harapan Yang Indah

HARAPAN dapat diartikan sebagai menginginkan sesuatu yang dicapai dan dianggap benar dan jujur oleh setiap manusia dan harapan agar dapat dicapai, memerlukan kepercayaan dari diri sendiri, kepercayaan dari orang lain, dan kepercayaan Allah SWT. Harapan itu bersifat manusiawi dan dimiliki semua orang. "Harapan" , kata ini mengandung makna yang sama dengan kebutuhan manusia :

- Kelangsungan Hidup

- Keamanan

- Hak dan kewajiban mencintai dan dicintai

- Diakui lingkungan

- Perwujudan cita-cita

Tentu setiap manusia memiliki harapan didalam menjalani kehidupan. Setiap manusia pun mempunyai harapan, orang meninggal sekalipun mempunyai harapan . Harapan bergantug pada pengetahuan, pengalaman, lingkungan hidup dan kemampuan. Harapan dan keinginan manusia untuk meriah keindahan dunia karena itu merupakan fitrahnya yang diakui oleh Allah swt. Memang tidak ada manusia yang tidak memiliki harapan  dan angan-angan untuk meraih.

Mungkin manusia pernah merasakan putus asa. Perasaan putus asa timbul karena tidak tercapainya suatu harapan seakan-akan dunia adalah tempat yang paling suram dan tidak ada yang dapat dilakukan lagi. Keputusasaan yang berlarut-larut dapat menimbulkan perasaan sedih.

Dibawah ini terdapat 10 hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghadapi keputusasaan, yaitu :

1. Lepaskanlah Harapan , yang berarti bebaskan diri dari pasang surutnya harapan dan keputusasaan serta sadarilah bahwa segalanya sesungguhnya tidak memiliki harapan.

2. Jelajahi bakat dan kegemaran anda dengan seseorang yang anda cintai.

3. Berbaik hatilah dengan diri sendiri.

4. Belajarlah hidup dimasa kini, bagaikan hewan-hewan liar.

5. Menangislah.

6. Dengarkanlah anak-anak berbicara tentang apa yang mereka pikirkan.

7. Bercakap-cakaplah dengan orang-orang yang putus asa lainnya.

8. Hindari berita-berita yang tidak dapat diubah.

9. Bermimpilah.

10. Jatuh Cinta.

Rasa Khawatir / Cemas Orang Tua Kepada Anak

Rasa khawatir adalah perasaan yang wajar. Khawatir adalah perasaan yang terganggu akibat bayangan / pikiran buruk yang kita buat sendiri, yang belum tentu terjadi pada orang-orang terdekat kita. Rasa khawatir dilahirkan dari imajinasi pikiran yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi keduniawian. Menurut kamus " THE CONCISE OF OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY ", rasa khawatir adalah perasaan tidak nyaman akan kesulitan hidup  yang sedang dialami / yang dibayangkan akan terjadi nanti. Dari definisi tersebut, saya berpikir bahwa rasa khawatir ini memang bersumber dari kesadaran diri kita sendiri, baik dalam keadaan .kita yang senang maupun sedih.

Sikap melindungi merupakan suatu naluri alamiah setiap orang tua terhadap anaknya. Namun, beberapa orang tua terkadang melakukan perlindungan terhadap anaknya secara berlebihan (OverProtective). Namun bila hal ini terjadi secara terus-menerus maka anak akan kehilangan kesempatan untuk belajarmandiri, bereksplorasi, serta menambah wawasan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya. Rasa khawatir yang dimiliki oleh orang tua itu semata-mata hanya ingin yang terbaik untuk anaknya. Orang tua tidak ingin hal yang tak diinginkannya terjadi pada kita, tapi menasihati anak dengan cara berlebihan yang berkesan arogan, akan membuat anak remaja menjauhkan diri dari orang tuanya. Upaya  orang tua memahami anak remaja yaitu selalu mengerti apa yang sedang dirasakan pada anak remaja.

Kesalahan-kesalahan orang tua dalam menghadapi anak remaja yang tidak semestinya dilakukan orang tua, yaitu :

1. Tidak mendengarkan

2. Sok tahu

3. Memerintah

4. Protektif

5. Tukang kritik

6. Menyalahkan, Menyindir, Sinis

7. Mengungkit-ungkit

8. Membuat mereka menangis

9. Khotbah, Mengganggu dan Berlebihan.

Tanggung Jawab Seorang Ayah dan Pengadian Anak Terhadap OrangTua

Tanggung Jawab menurut Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia adalah keadaan wajib menanggung segalanya sesuatunya. Tanggung jawab menurut Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia adalah berkewajiban menanggung, memikul, menanggung segala sesuatunya dan menanggung akibatnya. Jadi, Tanggung Jawab adalah kesadaran manusia akan tingkah laku/perbuatannya yang disengaja maupun yang tidak sengaja. Tanggung jawab merupakan ciri-ciri manusia yang beradab.

Ayah adalah sesosok laki-laki yang patut dikagumi sifat, sikap, dan perbuatannya. Ayah memiliki tanggung jawab besar untuk keluarga dan kasih sayangnya yang tidak perlu diragukan karena setara dan mungkin lebih besar. Sifat ayah pada dasarnya mengayomi, bertanggung jawab dan berusaha membuat anggota keluarganya senang dan bahagia. Mungkin ayah pernah marah/memukul anak-anaknya, tapi percayalah bahwa hal tersebut merupakan bentuk kasih sayangnya. Ayah memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar dalam mendidik anak. Namun, selain itu beliau juga memliki tanggung jawab untuk memberi nafkah pada keluarga.

Pengabdian adalah perbuatan baik yang berupa pikiran, pendapat, ataupun tenaga sebagai perwujudan kesetiaa, cinta kasih, kasih sayang, hormat, atau satu ikatan. Pengabdian anak terhadap orang tua, bagaimana bentuk pengabdian terhadap orang tua kita? Kita sebagai anak ingin sekali membalas budi kepada orang tua kita, karena dengan bantuan mereka kita bisa sesukses sampai saat ini. Perjuangan yang sangat panjang yang dikorbankan untuk kita. Kemudian dengan apa kita membalas pengorbanan mereka??

Dibawah ini adalah bentuk balas budi yang dapat kita lakukan pada mereka, yaitu :

1. Selalu membuat mereka bahagia.

2. selalu menuruti apa yang mereka perintah (dalam hal positif).

3. Bisa menjadi teman/sahabat ketika mereka ingin bicara.

4. Selalu mengingatkan ketika mereka melupakan sesuatu yang menyangkut       ibadah.                

5. Berikan suatu yang menurut mereka baik.

6. Selalu mendoakan kesehatan, keselamatan, dan kebahagiaan mereka.

7. Menjaga dan merawat ketika sedang sakit.

Masa Depan Dipengaruhi oleh Pandangan Hidup Manusi

Apasih PANDANGAN HIDUP  itu? Saya sendiripun kurang mengetahui arti dari Pandangan Hidup itu. Namun, Pandangan Hidup tersebut sangat mempengaruhi kualtias kehidupan kita kelak.
Pandangan Hidup itu bersifat kodrati. Dengan itu sangat menentukan masa depan seseorang. Karena itu setiap manusia pasti memiliki pandangan hidup .
Pandangan hidup artinya pendapat atau pertimbangan yyang dijadikan pegangan, pedoman dan arahan. Akan tetapi pandangan hidup dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan asalnya yaitu terdiri dari 3 macam :
- Pandangan hidup yang berasal dari agama yaitu pandangan hidup yang mutlak kebenarannya.
- Pandangan hidup yang berupa ideologi yang disesuaikan dengan kebudayaan dan norma-norma yang terdapat pada negara tersebut.
- Pandangan hidup hasil renungan yaitu pandangan hidup yang relatif kebenarannya.

Pandangan hidup ini membuat banyak perdebatan pada setiap orang.  Tidak ada yang bisa dipastikan dalam pandangan hidup setiap orang, karena sesuatu yang menurut kita benar belum tentu dimata orang lain itu benar. Tetapi jika kita tidak mempunyai pandangan hidup itu sendiri maka itu adalah maslah bagi kehidupan kita. Karena seakan-akan kita tidak memiliki arah / tujuan hidup kita nanti.
Sebenarnya masih ada satu kendala lagi dalam kehidupan kita yaitunpandangan hidup kita mempengaruhi  masa depan kita. Contohnya jika seseorang memiliki pandangan hidup bahwa kesempatan hanya datang 1 kali saja. Maka oang itu akan memanfaatkan kesempatan tersebut dengan sebaik mungkin, walau ada kesempatan kedua tetapi hasilnya tidak sesempurna kesempatan pertama.
Oleh karena itu, sebaiknya untuk bisa memiliki pandangan hidup yang cukup berkualitas, maka Lingkungan Sosial kita harus benar-benar sesuai dengan kualitas pandangan hidup kita.

APAKAH PEMERINTAH SUDAH ADIL TERHADAP MASYARAKAT KECIL ?

Keadilan merupakan suatu hal yang abstrak, bagaimana mewujudkan suatu keadilan jika tidak mengetahui apa arti keadilan.
Keadilan menurut Aristoteles dalam tulisannya RETORICA membedakan keadilan menjadi 2 macam :
1. Keadilan Distributif / Justitia Distributiva ; yaitu suatu keadilan yang diberikan kepada setiap orang didasarkan atas jasa-jasanya. Keadilan distributif berperan dalam hubungan antara masyarakat dengan perorangan.
2. Keadilan Kumulatif / Justitia Cummulativa ; yaitu suatu keadilan yang diterima oleh masing-masing anggota tanpa memperdulikan jasa masing-masing.

Keadilan pada hakikatnya adalah memperlakukan seseorang dengan adil / sesuai dengan haknya. Semakin banyak masyarakat yang tidak diperdulikan oleh pemerintah, masalah kesehatan rakyat kecil pun harus sangat diperhatikan oleh pemerintah dan juga pemerintah harus memperhatikan / memikirkan masalah lapangan pekerjaan diindonesia. Diindonesia lebih memilih adil terhadap orang yang mempunyai kekayaan daripada rakyat kecil yang miskin.

Seharusnya rakyat kecil mendapatkan keadilan buka ketidakadilan. Pemerintah selalu berpihak kepada orang-orang yang berUANG dibanding rakyat kecil. Misalnya : Seseorang mencuri sandal, hanya mencuri sandal bahkan sampai dipenjara bertahun-tahun padahal masalah tersebut bisa saja dibicarakan secara kekeluargaan . Tapi coba tengok pada orang-orangyang mempunyai jabatan tinggi tetapi ia tidak berpikir panjang untuk KORUPSI padahal itu adalah uang rakyatnya sendiri.Mereka sama sekali tidak dihukum seberat si pencuri sandal tadi.
Solusinya, pemerintah harus lebih memperhatikan rakyat kecil dibanding orang kaya tersebut dan benahi semua masalah-masalah sehingga negara indonesia terasa aman dan tentram, bahkan bukan hanya menjadi negara yang berkembang melainkan MAJU.